Ancient Nigeria was home to several advanced civilizations, including the Nok culture, known for its distinctive terracotta sculptures dating back to around 1000 BC. This culture thrived in the central region and is recognized for its early advancements in agriculture and ironworking. Another significant civilization was the Kingdom of Ife, which emerged around the 12th century. Ife is celebrated for its artistic achievements, particularly in bronze and stone sculptures. Additionally, the Benin Kingdom rose to prominence in the 15th century, known for its impressive city walls and intricate artwork, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of ancient Nigeria.