The Benin Kingdom, located in present-day Nigeria, was a powerful and influential state from the 13th century until the late 19th century. It was known for its advanced political structure, rich culture, and skilled artisans, particularly in bronze and ivory work. The kingdom was ruled by a king known as the Oba, who held significant authority and was considered a divine figure. The Benin Kingdom was famous for its impressive city, also called Benin, which featured a complex system of walls and moats. The kingdom engaged in trade with European nations, exchanging goods like pepper and ivory for firearms and other items. Its decline began in the late 1800s, culminating in the British invasion of 1897.