Ancient Japan refers to the period from the earliest human settlements to the end of the 12th century. This era saw the development of unique cultural practices, including the establishment of the Shinto religion and the creation of early forms of Japanese art and literature. The Yayoi period introduced rice farming and metalworking, while the Heian period is known for its court culture and the writing of the first novel, The Tale of Genji. During this time, Japan was influenced by neighboring countries, particularly China and Korea. The introduction of Buddhism and Confucianism shaped social structures and governance. The rise of the samurai class began in the late ancient period, leading to the development of a feudal system. This complex history laid the foundation for modern Japanese culture and society.