The Ancient Era refers to a period in human history that began with the advent of writing around 3,300 BCE and lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. This era saw the rise of early civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley cultures, which developed complex societies, trade networks, and monumental architecture. During the Ancient Era, significant advancements were made in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and literature. Notable figures like Hammurabi and Confucius emerged, influencing governance and philosophy. The era laid the foundation for future civilizations and shaped the course of human development.