Acid-base regulation is the process by which the body maintains a stable pH level in the blood and other fluids. This balance is crucial for normal cellular functions and is primarily managed by the kidneys, lungs, and buffer systems. The body can adjust the levels of acids and bases through various mechanisms, including exhaling carbon dioxide and excreting hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the key components in acid-base regulation. It helps neutralize excess acids or bases in the body. When the pH drops (becomes more acidic), bicarbonate can react with hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid, which can then be converted to carbon dioxide and water, helping to restore balance.