A buffer system is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added. It typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. This balance helps maintain a stable pH, which is crucial for many biological and chemical processes. In the human body, buffer systems play a vital role in maintaining the pH of blood and other fluids. For example, the bicarbonate buffer system helps regulate blood pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases, ensuring that the body's environment remains conducive to proper function.