A buffer system is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added. It typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. This balance helps maintain a stable pH in various environments, such as biological systems. Buffer systems are crucial in many areas, including biochemistry and environmental science. For example, in the human body, the bicarbonate buffer system helps regulate blood pH, ensuring that it remains within a narrow range necessary for proper physiological function.