Acid-base balance refers to the regulation of the pH levels in the body, which is crucial for maintaining proper physiological functions. The body strives to keep the pH within a narrow range, typically around 7.35 to 7.45. This balance is maintained through various mechanisms, including the respiratory system, which regulates carbon dioxide levels, and the kidneys, which manage bicarbonate and hydrogen ion concentrations. Disruptions in acid-base balance can lead to conditions such as acidosis or alkalosis, which can affect cellular processes and overall health. The body uses buffers, such as bicarbonate, to neutralize excess acids or bases, ensuring that the internal environment remains stable and conducive to life.