The 20th century was marked by significant political changes worldwide, including the rise of totalitarian regimes and the spread of democracy. Major events like World War I and World War II reshaped national boundaries and power dynamics, leading to the emergence of superpowers such as the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War era defined global politics, characterized by ideological conflict between capitalism and communism. Decolonization also played a crucial role in 20th-century politics, as many countries in Africa and Asia gained independence from colonial powers. Movements for civil rights and social justice emerged, challenging systemic inequalities. Political ideologies, including liberalism, socialism, and fascism, influenced governance and policy-making across the globe.