صفویه (Safavid) was a significant dynasty in Iran that ruled from 1501 to 1736. Founded by Shah Ismail I, the dynasty is known for establishing Shia Islam as the state religion, which shaped the cultural and religious identity of Iran. The Safavid era is marked by advancements in art, architecture, and philosophy, contributing to the rich heritage of Persian culture. The Safavid dynasty is also recognized for its military prowess and territorial expansion, which included parts of modern-day Iraq and Azerbaijan. The capital, Isfahan, became a center of trade and culture, showcasing stunning architectural achievements like the Naqsh-e Jahan Square and the Shah Mosque.