A sultanate is a form of government led by a sultan, who is a ruler with authority over a specific territory. This system is often found in Islamic countries, where the sultan may hold both political and religious power. The sultanate can vary in size and influence, ranging from small regions to larger empires. Historically, sultanates have played significant roles in the development of cultures and societies, particularly in regions like the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of South Asia. Examples include the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire, both of which were influential sultanates that shaped their respective regions.