Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is a disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly. It primarily affects people in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to severe neurological symptoms if left untreated. There are two forms of the disease: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is chronic, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which is acute. Symptoms of sleeping sickness include fever, headaches, joint pain, and changes in sleep patterns, such as excessive daytime sleepiness or insomnia. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, and treatment involves medications that target the parasites. Early detection is crucial for effective management.