Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is a parasitic protozoan responsible for causing African sleeping sickness, a disease primarily found in central and west Africa. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tsetse fly, which is commonly found in rural areas. The parasite infects the bloodstream and can affect the central nervous system if left untreated. Symptoms of the disease include fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. As the infection progresses, it can lead to severe neurological issues, including confusion and sleep disturbances. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications and improve recovery chances.