African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease caused by the Trypanosoma species, primarily Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies, which are found in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease affects the central nervous system and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. Symptoms of African trypanosomiasis include fever, headaches, joint pain, and fatigue. As the disease progresses, it can cause neurological issues, including confusion and sleep disturbances, hence the name "sleeping sickness." Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious outcomes, and various medications are available to manage the infection.