Scaling and root planing is a dental procedure aimed at treating gum disease. It involves the removal of plaque and tartar from the surfaces of the teeth and the roots below the gum line. This helps to reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gums, preventing further dental issues. The procedure is typically performed by a dentist or dental hygienist using specialized tools. After scaling, the roots of the teeth are smoothed out, which helps the gums reattach to the teeth. This treatment can improve oral health and is often recommended for patients with periodontal disease.