Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. It is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, leading to inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. Symptoms may include red, swollen gums and bleeding during brushing. If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease, which can damage the bone supporting the teeth. This advanced stage may result in tooth mobility or loss. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing and managing periodontal disease.