Periodontal disease is a common dental condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It begins with the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, on the teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, this plaque can harden into tartar, leading to inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. Symptoms may include redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease, which can result in the loss of tooth-supporting bone. This advanced stage, known as periodontitis, can cause teeth to become loose and may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are essential for prevention.