Protein analysis is the study of proteins to understand their structure, function, and interactions. This process often involves techniques such as gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting to separate and identify proteins based on their size, charge, and abundance. Researchers use protein analysis to investigate biological processes, diagnose diseases, and develop new therapies. By examining proteins, scientists can gain insights into how cells communicate, respond to stimuli, and maintain homeostasis, which is crucial for advancing fields like biochemistry and molecular biology.