Chromatography is a powerful technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances. It works by passing a mixture through a medium where different components move at different rates, allowing for their separation. This method is widely used in laboratories for various applications, including drug testing and food safety. There are several types of chromatography, such as Gas Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Each type has its own specific uses and advantages, making chromatography an essential tool in fields like biochemistry and environmental science for identifying and quantifying compounds in complex mixtures.