Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, based on their size and charge. In this process, a gel made of agarose or polyacrylamide is prepared, and samples are loaded into wells at one end. When an electric current is applied, the molecules move through the gel, with smaller ones traveling faster than larger ones. After the separation, the gel is stained to visualize the molecules, allowing scientists to analyze their size and quantity. This technique is essential in various fields, including genetics, biochemistry, and forensic science, helping researchers understand biological processes and identify genetic material.