Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate charged particles, such as proteins or nucleic acids, based on their size and charge. When an electric current is applied to a gel or liquid medium containing these particles, they migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. Smaller particles typically move faster than larger ones, allowing for effective separation. This method is widely used in various fields, including biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. It helps researchers analyze DNA fragments, identify proteins, and purify biological samples, making it an essential tool in scientific research and diagnostics.