Political ideology refers to a set of beliefs and values that shape an individual's or group's views on how society should be organized and governed. It encompasses ideas about the role of government, individual rights, economic systems, and social justice. Common political ideologies include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and libertarianism, each offering different perspectives on these issues. These ideologies influence political behavior, policy-making, and the functioning of political parties. For example, a liberal ideology may advocate for social equality and government intervention in the economy, while a conservative ideology might emphasize tradition, personal responsibility, and limited government. Understanding these ideologies helps explain the diverse political landscape in various countries.