Open-pit mines are large excavations created to extract valuable minerals and resources from the earth's surface. These mines are typically shaped like a bowl and are dug in layers, allowing for the removal of materials such as gold, copper, and coal. The process involves removing soil and rock to access the desired minerals, making it a more efficient method for large-scale mining operations. The design of open-pit mines allows for the use of heavy machinery, which can move large quantities of material quickly. However, this method can have significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and changes to local ecosystems. Proper management and rehabilitation efforts are essential to mitigate these effects after mining operations cease.