Ocular diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the eyes and vision. Common examples include cataracts, which cloud the lens of the eye, and glaucoma, a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to high eye pressure. Other conditions include macular degeneration, which affects central vision, and diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes that damages blood vessels in the retina. These diseases can lead to vision loss or blindness if not treated properly. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management. Treatments may include medications, laser therapy, or surgery, depending on the specific condition and its severity.