Modern-day Afghanistan is a landlocked country in South Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. It has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and fertile valleys. The capital city, Kabul, is the largest urban center and serves as the political and cultural heart of the nation. Afghanistan has a rich history, but it has faced significant challenges, including ongoing conflict and economic instability. The population of Afghanistan is ethnically diverse, with major groups including Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. The country has made strides in education and healthcare in recent years, but many areas still struggle with poverty and limited access to basic services. Agriculture remains a key part of the economy, with crops like wheat and pomegranates being important for local livelihoods.