Medical sterilization is a procedure used to eliminate all forms of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms from medical instruments and surfaces. This process is crucial in preventing infections during surgeries and other medical procedures. Common methods of sterilization include autoclaving, which uses high-pressure steam, and chemical sterilization, which employs specific chemicals to kill pathogens. In addition to instruments, medical sterilization can also refer to the permanent prevention of pregnancy in humans. This is achieved through surgical procedures such as tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men. Both methods are considered safe and effective forms of contraception.