Chemical sterilization is a process that uses chemical agents to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This method is commonly employed in medical settings to ensure that surgical instruments and other equipment are free from contaminants. Common chemical agents used for sterilization include ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and glutaraldehyde. The effectiveness of chemical sterilization depends on factors such as concentration, exposure time, and temperature. It is particularly useful for items that cannot withstand high temperatures, such as certain plastics and electronic devices. Proper handling and safety precautions are essential when using these chemicals to prevent harm to personnel and the environment.