Keratoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves the transplantation of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. This operation is typically performed to restore vision in individuals suffering from corneal diseases, injuries, or other conditions that affect the cornea's clarity and shape. There are two main types of keratoplasty: penetrating keratoplasty, which replaces the entire cornea, and lamellar keratoplasty, which only replaces a portion of it. The procedure can significantly improve visual acuity and quality of life for patients with corneal issues.