Hyposplenism is a medical condition characterized by reduced or absent function of the spleen, an organ that plays a crucial role in the immune system and blood filtration. This condition can lead to an increased risk of infections, particularly from certain bacteria, as the spleen helps to clear pathogens from the bloodstream. Individuals with hyposplenism may experience symptoms such as recurrent infections or unusual blood findings. It can be caused by various factors, including sickle cell disease, certain infections, or surgical removal of the spleen, known as splenectomy. Diagnosis often involves blood tests and imaging studies to assess spleen function.