Spleen dysfunction refers to the impaired function of the spleen, an organ that plays a crucial role in filtering blood and supporting the immune system. When the spleen is not working properly, it can lead to issues such as an increased risk of infections, anemia, or the accumulation of abnormal blood cells. Common causes of spleen dysfunction include infections, autoimmune diseases, and trauma. Symptoms may vary but can include fatigue, frequent infections, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and imaging studies to assess the spleen's size and function.