A hazard, or peril, refers to a potential source of harm or adverse effect. It can arise from natural events, such as earthquakes or floods, or from human activities, like chemical spills or construction accidents. Understanding hazards is crucial for assessing risks and implementing safety measures. Hazards can be categorized into different types, including physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards. Each type poses unique threats to health and safety. For example, biological hazards include bacteria and viruses, while chemical hazards involve exposure to harmful substances. Identifying these hazards helps in developing strategies to mitigate their impact.