A ground rod is a metal rod, typically made of copper or galvanized steel, that is driven into the ground to provide a safe path for electrical currents. Its primary purpose is to connect electrical systems to the earth, helping to prevent electrical shock and equipment damage by directing excess electricity away from buildings and structures. Ground rods are an essential component of electrical grounding systems, which also include ground wires and grounding electrodes. Proper installation of a ground rod is crucial for ensuring safety and compliance with electrical codes, making it a vital part of any electrical system.