Ground rods are metal rods, typically made of copper or galvanized steel, that are driven into the ground to provide a safe path for electrical currents. They are an essential part of electrical grounding systems, helping to protect people and equipment from electrical surges and faults by directing excess electricity safely into the earth. These rods are usually installed vertically and must be connected to electrical systems, such as circuit breakers or service panels, using conductive wire. Proper installation and maintenance of ground rods are crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of the grounding system and enhancing overall electrical safety.