Magnetometry is the scientific technique used to measure magnetic fields. It involves detecting and analyzing the strength and direction of magnetic forces in various materials or environments. This method is essential in fields like geology, archaeology, and environmental science, where understanding magnetic properties can reveal important information about the Earth's structure or historical artifacts. In magnetometry, different instruments, such as fluxgate magnetometers and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), are employed to capture magnetic data. These measurements can help identify mineral deposits, locate shipwrecks, or study changes in the Earth's magnetic field over time.