A "fechtbuch" is a historical martial arts manual, primarily from the late Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. These books detail various combat techniques, including sword fighting, grappling, and the use of other weapons. They often include illustrations and written instructions to help practitioners learn the art of combat. Many fechtbücher were created by masters of German school of fencing, such as Johannes Liechtenauer and Sigmund Ringeck. These manuals serve as important resources for modern historical European martial arts (HEMA) practitioners, providing insight into the techniques and philosophies of medieval combat.