Essential thrombocythemia is a rare blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets by the bone marrow. This increase in platelet count can lead to a higher risk of blood clots, which may cause complications such as strokes or heart attacks. The exact cause of essential thrombocythemia is often unknown, but some cases are linked to genetic mutations. Symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and vision problems, although many individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure platelet levels and may require a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options aim to reduce platelet counts and prevent complications.