Polycythemia Vera is a rare blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells in the bone marrow. This increase in red blood cells can lead to thicker blood, which may cause complications such as blood clots, strokes, or heart attacks. Symptoms often include headaches, dizziness, and a ruddy complexion. The exact cause of Polycythemia Vera is often linked to a mutation in the JAK2 gene. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure red blood cell levels and other related parameters. Treatment options may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume and medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.