Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of blood disorders characterized by the overproduction of blood cells in the bone marrow. This can lead to an increase in red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, which may cause various health issues, including blood clots, anemia, or an enlarged spleen. Common types of MPNs include Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis. The exact cause of MPNs is often unknown, but many cases are associated with mutations in specific genes, such as the JAK2 gene. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow examinations, and genetic testing. Treatment options may include medications, phlebotomy, or, in some cases, stem cell transplants, depending on the severity and type of the condition.