The term "daimyō" refers to powerful feudal lords in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868). They governed large estates and had significant political and military authority. Each daimyō maintained a private army of samurai and was responsible for the administration and defense of their territory. Daimyōs played a crucial role in the Japanese social hierarchy, ranking just below the shōgun, the military ruler of Japan. They were often required to spend time in the capital, Edo, as part of the sankin-kōtai system, which helped maintain loyalty to the shōgun and prevent rebellion.