Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, which is commonly found in soil and bird droppings. This infection primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS. Symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis can include headache, fever, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light. Diagnosis typically involves a lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment usually requires antifungal medications, and early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing complications.