Central Nervous System (CNS) infections are illnesses that affect the brain and spinal cord, which are crucial parts of the nervous system. Common types of CNS infections include meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, and encephalitis, which is an inflammation of the brain itself. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion. Prompt treatment is essential for CNS infections, as they can lead to serious complications or even death. Diagnosis often involves lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid, while treatment may include antibiotics or antiviral medications. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for affected individuals.