Cryptococcus neoformans is a type of fungus that can be found in the environment, particularly in soil and bird droppings. It is known for its ability to produce a thick protective capsule, which helps it survive in harsh conditions. This organism is primarily associated with infections in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. In healthy individuals, Cryptococcus neoformans usually does not cause illness. However, in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to serious conditions like cryptococcal meningitis, an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, and treatment often includes antifungal medications.