Cryptococcus neoformans is a type of fungus that can be found in the environment, particularly in soil and bird droppings. It is known for its ability to produce a thick protective capsule, which helps it survive in harsh conditions. This fungus is primarily associated with infections in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. When inhaled, Cryptococcus neoformans can lead to serious health issues, including pneumonia and meningitis. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and headache. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, and treatment usually requires antifungal medications to help eliminate the infection from the body.