Crop varieties refer to the different types of plants cultivated for food, fiber, or other uses. Each variety has unique characteristics, such as growth habits, yield potential, and resistance to pests or diseases. Farmers select specific varieties based on their local climate, soil conditions, and market demand. These varieties can be classified into categories like heirloom, hybrid, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Heirloom varieties are traditional and often have rich flavors, while hybrids are bred for specific traits, such as higher yields. GMOs are engineered for improved resistance to environmental stresses, enhancing agricultural productivity.