Teratology is the scientific study of birth defects and abnormal development in embryos and fetuses. It examines how various factors, such as genetic mutations, environmental influences, and maternal health, can lead to physical or functional abnormalities in developing organisms. Understanding these factors helps researchers identify potential risks and improve prenatal care. Researchers in teratology investigate a wide range of issues, including the effects of drugs, chemicals, and infections on fetal development. By studying these influences, teratologists aim to prevent or minimize the occurrence of birth defects, ultimately improving health outcomes for both mothers and their children.