Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly. This condition happens during early pregnancy when the neural tube, which develops into the spine, fails to close completely. As a result, the spinal cord may be exposed, leading to various physical and neurological challenges. There are different types of spina bifida, including myelomeningocele, the most severe form, where nerves and tissues protrude through the spine. Symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe, and may include mobility issues, bladder and bowel problems, and learning difficulties. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage these challenges.