Common beans, scientifically known as Phaseolus vulgaris, are a staple food in many cultures around the world. They come in various colors and sizes, including black, pinto, kidney, and navy beans. Rich in protein, fiber, and essential nutrients, they are often used in soups, stews, and salads. These beans are cultivated in diverse climates and are a key crop in regions like North America, South America, and Africa. They play an important role in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, which helps improve soil fertility for other crops.