The colonial era refers to the period from the 15th to the 20th century when European powers established colonies in various parts of the world. Countries like Spain, France, Britain, and Portugal sought to expand their territories, acquire resources, and spread their cultures. This often involved the exploration and conquest of lands inhabited by indigenous peoples. During this time, many regions, including North America, Africa, and Asia, experienced significant changes due to European influence. Colonization led to the establishment of new trade routes, the introduction of new crops and animals, and the spread of Christianity. However, it also resulted in the exploitation and displacement of local populations.