Colonial powers refer to countries that established control over foreign territories during the age of imperialism, primarily from the 15th to the 20th centuries. These nations, such as Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal, sought to expand their influence and access resources by conquering and settling in other regions. This often involved the exploitation of local populations and resources, leading to significant cultural and economic changes. The impact of colonial powers was profound, resulting in the spread of European languages, religions, and governance systems across the globe. Many former colonies, such as India and Nigeria, continue to grapple with the legacies of colonialism, including social inequalities and political challenges that stem from their colonial past.