The cochineal insect is a small, scale-like bug native to Central and South America. It is primarily known for producing carminic acid, which is used to create a vibrant red dye called cochineal dye. This dye has been used for centuries in textiles, cosmetics, and food products. Cochineal insects live on cacti, particularly the nopal cactus. To harvest the dye, the insects are collected, dried, and processed. The resulting dye is valued for its bright color and is often labeled as E120 in food products. It is a natural alternative to synthetic dyes, appealing to those seeking organic options.